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␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓βS␈↓∧ Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, STANFORD UNIVERSITY, Stanford, California 94305
␈↓ ↓H␈↓∧Telephone 415 497-4430␈↓ 	ISeptember 15, 1976




␈↓ ↓H␈↓Editor:
␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓↓New York Times␈↓
␈↓ ↓H␈↓229 West 43d St.
␈↓ ↓H␈↓N.Y. 10036

␈↓ ↓H␈↓To the Editor:

␈↓ ↓H␈↓        Bernard␈α∪Feld's␈α∪and␈α∩Victor␈α∪Weisskopf's␈α∪self-congratulatory␈α∩September␈α∪14␈α∪Op-Ed␈α∩article
␈↓ ↓H␈↓about␈α
the␈α
role␈α
of␈α
scientists␈α
in␈α
≡ghting␈αthe␈α
accumulation␈α
of␈α
nuclear␈α
weapons␈α
shows␈α
that␈α
they␈αstill
␈↓ ↓H␈↓have␈αtheir␈αheads␈αin␈αthe␈αsand␈αabout␈αthe␈αcauses␈αof␈αthe␈αpresent␈αdanger␈αof␈αnuclear␈αproliferation␈αand
␈↓ ↓H␈↓consequent danger of nuclear war.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓        The␈αpresent␈α
danger␈αis␈α
that␈αcertain␈α
countries,␈αe.g.␈α
South␈αKorea,␈α
Taiwan,␈αIsrael,␈αSouth␈α
Africa,
␈↓ ↓H␈↓and␈αpossibly␈αPakistan,␈αare␈αnow␈αin␈αa␈αsituation␈αwhereby␈αtheir␈αbest␈αchance␈αof␈αsurvival␈αis␈αto␈αdevelop
␈↓ ↓H␈↓independent␈α∞nuclear␈α∞deterrents.␈α
 This␈α∞was␈α∞caused␈α
by␈α∞the␈α∞collapse␈α
of␈α∞the␈α∞credibility␈α∞of␈α
unilateral
␈↓ ↓H␈↓U.S.␈αguarantees␈αand␈αthe␈αunwillingness␈αof␈αWestern␈αEurope,␈αJapan,␈αAustralia␈αand␈αNew␈α
Zealand␈αto
␈↓ ↓H␈↓take␈αpart␈αin␈αany␈αgenuine␈αcollective␈αsecurity␈αarrangement␈αinvolving␈αany␈αof␈αthese␈αcountries.␈α When
␈↓ ↓H␈↓the policeman quits everyone must defend himself as best he can.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓        Of␈α∞course,␈α∞an␈α∞ordinary␈α∞American␈α∞can't␈α∞be␈α∞sure␈α∞that␈α∞any␈α∞of␈α∞these␈α∞countries␈α∞has␈α∂a␈α∞nuclear
␈↓ ↓H␈↓weapons␈α↔program.␈α↔ However,␈α↔were␈α↔I␈α↔a␈α↔citizen␈α↔of␈α↔any␈α↔of␈α↔them␈α↔who␈α↔considered␈α↔national
␈↓ ↓H␈↓independence␈αworth␈αpreserving,␈αI␈αwould␈α
feel␈αthat␈αmy␈αcountry␈αhas␈αas␈α
much␈αright␈αas␈αthe␈αU.S.␈α
to␈αa
␈↓ ↓H␈↓nuclear␈αdeterrent.␈α Moreover,␈αI␈αwould␈αconsider␈αworthless␈αany␈αpromises␈αKissinger␈αand␈αFord␈αmight
␈↓ ↓H␈↓make␈α∀while␈α∀so␈α∀many␈α∃Americans␈α∀oppose␈α∀assistance.␈α∀ The␈α∃other␈α∀side␈α∀of␈α∀Kissinger's␈α∃policy␈α∀-
␈↓ ↓H␈↓threatening␈αwithdrawal␈α
of␈αthe␈α
little␈αaid␈α
we␈αare␈α
giving␈αif␈α
they␈αgo␈α
nuclear␈α-␈α
won't␈αwork␈αeither␈α
unless
␈↓ ↓H␈↓carried␈α∂to␈α⊂the␈α∂extreme␈α∂of␈α⊂helping␈α∂their␈α⊂enemies␈α∂conquer␈α∂them.␈α⊂ Denying␈α∂or␈α⊂inspecting␈α∂nuclear
␈↓ ↓H␈↓power␈α∞plants␈α
won't␈α∞work,␈α
because␈α∞weapons␈α
can␈α∞be␈α
made␈α∞without␈α
diverting␈α∞material␈α∞from␈α
power
␈↓ ↓H␈↓plants.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓        Further␈α↔proliferation␈α⊗will␈α↔start␈α⊗when␈α↔one␈α⊗of␈α↔these␈α⊗countries␈α↔is␈α⊗seen␈α↔to␈α↔survive␈α⊗by
␈↓ ↓H␈↓demonstrating a deterrent.  Every country's o≠cers will then demand their own.

␈↓ ↓H␈↓        The␈α
only␈α
solution␈αseems␈α
to␈α
be␈αgenuine␈α
collective␈α
security.␈α
 Achieving␈αit␈α
may␈α
require␈αthe␈α
U.S.
␈↓ ↓H␈↓to threaten Europe and Japan with withdrawal of U.S. protection unless they help protect others.


␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓ 	zJohn McCarthy
␈↓ ↓H␈↓␈↓ 	BStanford, California